Firebend : Januari 2014

Jumat, 31 Januari 2014

[L612.Ebook] Get Free Ebook 100 Plants to Feed the Bees: Provide a Healthy Habitat to Help Pollinators Thrive, by The Xerces Society

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The international bee crisis is threatening our global food supply, but this user-friendly field guide shows what you can do to help protect our pollinators. The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation offers browsable profiles of 100 common flowers, herbs, shrubs, and trees that attract bees, butterflies, moths, and hummingbirds. The recommendations are simple: sow seeds for some plants — such as basil, rhododendron, and blueberries — and simply don’t mow down abundant native species, including aster, goldenrod, and milkweed. 100 Plants to Feed the Bees will empower homeowners, landscapers, apartment dwellers — anyone with a scrap of yard or a window box — to protect our pollinators.

Sales Rank: #9382 in Books
Published on: 2016-11-29
Original language: English
Number of items: 1
Dimensions: 7.90" h x .60" w x 5.90" l, .0 pounds
Binding: Paperback
240 pages

Review
“A wonderful and much-needed book that will inspire and inform the creation of bee-friendly wildflower gardens. Perhaps we can turn our gardens, neighborhoods, towns, and cities into vast, colorful havens for bees, butterflies, and other vital insects!”
— Dave Goulson, biologist, founder of the Bumblebee Conservation Trust, and author of A Sting in the Tale

“If you’re ready to help save the bees, this is a great place to start. No matter where you live, this well-organized companion shows you the best plants to use.”
— Joe Lamp’l, creator, executive producer, and host of Growing a Greener World®

“The ever-helpful Xerces Society shows us how to bring back our threatened species, one gorgeous garden at a time. Everybody wins!”
— Dar Williams, singer, songwriter, and environmental activist

From the Back Cover
Plant for Pollinators

The first simple step toward protecting our pollinators is to provide the flowers they need, using no pesticides. With abundant native wildflowers, your task is even simpler: don't mow them down! This field guide identifies the plants that honey bees and native bees – as well as butterflies, moths, and hummingbirds – find most nutritious, including flowers, trees, shrubs, herbs, and pasture plants. With guidance from the Xerces Society, the global authority on insects and other invertebrates, you can turn your backyard, farm, or commumity into a thriving pollinator habitat.

Each plant profile includes which pollinators visit the plant, the quality of honey the nectar produces, when it blooms, how best to use it in the landscape, planting tips, and spectacular photography.

About the Author

The Xerces Society is a nonprofit organization based in Portland, Oregon, that protects wildlife through the conservation of invertebrates and their habitat. Established in 1971, the Society is at the forefront of invertebrate protection worldwide, harnessing the knowledge of scientists and the enthusiasm of citizens to implement conservation programs. They are the authors of 100 Plants to Feed the Bees, Farming with Native Beneficial Insects, and Attracting Native Pollinators.

Most helpful customer reviews

4 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
Feed your pollinators and bees.....you like to eat and they do too.
By Alyce R. Zellers
A good book to nudge you into planting more beneficial plants for bees and other pollinators. Instead of just buying what looks nice at the store, research and buy shrubs, annuals, and perennials that provide nectar and pollen. We all like to eat so do your part and provide something for all the pollinators. Stop adding sterile plants as they do not benefit anyone...including you. Start being proactive in thinking about the wildlife around you and it cannot be taken for granted that it will always be there without the environment to support and sustain. This books gives you detailed info and pictures to assist plant buyers. Take it with you to the nursery and refer to. Plant more beneficial plants for beneficial pollinators and you will benefit too!!

2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
In some cases we get information about acid or sweet soil likes/dislikes too
By Andrew
It is hard to cover plants across the USA but this book manages to do so but identifying the plant as desirable for nectar and /or pollen, and by where the plant is from. In some cases we get information about acid or sweet soil likes/dislikes too. Also who besides bees use the plant and what they use it for.

3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
Five Stars
By Mark
Perfect lots of color pictures to identify the plants.

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Minggu, 26 Januari 2014

[H210.Ebook] PDF Download Portishead's Dummy (33 1/3), by RJ Wheaton

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Portishead's Dummy (33 1/3), by RJ Wheaton

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An album which distilled a genre from the musical, cultural, and social ether, Portishead's Dummy was such a complete artistic achievement that its ubiquitous successes threatened to exhaust its own potential. RJ Wheaton offers an impressionistic investigation of Dummy that imitates the cumulative structure of the album itself, piecing together interviews, impressions of time and place, cultural criticism, and a thorough exploration of the music itself.

The approach focuses as much on the reception and response that Dummy engendered as it does on the original production of the album. How is that so many people have, collectively, made a quintessential headphone album into a nightclub album? How have they made the product of a niche local scene into an international success? This is the story of how an innovative, experimental album became the iconic sound for the better part of a decade; and an aesthetic template for the experience of music in the digital age.

Sales Rank: #205637 in Books
Published on: 2011-10-06
Released on: 2011-10-06
Original language: English
Number of items: 1
Dimensions: 6.58" h x .61" w x 4.85" l, .53 pounds
Binding: Paperback
248 pages

Review
"A growing Alexandria of rock criticism - Los Angeles Times, 2008 Ideal for the rock geek who thinks liner notes just aren't enough - Rolling Stone One of the coolest publishing imprints on the planet - Bookslut"

About the Author

RJ Wheaton's writing on music, film, and literature has been published in The Oxford American, DaCapo's Best Music Writing series, and at PopMatters.com, where he is Senior Producer. He currently lives in Toronto.

Most helpful customer reviews

8 of 9 people found the following review helpful.
one of the strongest entries in a good series
By jafrank
This is probably the single strongest book of the 7 or 8 I've read in the 33 1/3 series. Wheaton strikes an excellent balance between smart, wide-ranging formal analysis and open praise. His attempts to tease apart the individual sounds that go into making the dense, dark, beautiful world of Portishead's music made me rush back to listen to each track of Dummy over and over again, and marvel at just how remarkable their work is. But what is even more impressive is how he successfully shows the resonances between Portishead's music and broader trends in musical/cultural history. The way he hints at the remarkable, tangled web of connections; of technologies, people and geography, which operate both above and beneath our basic daily awareness and how much of Portishead's music does the same. The writing in this book is sharp, engaging and weirdly ominous. Kind of like 'Wandering Star.' I sincerely hope Wheaton writes more books in the future. The 33 1/3 series would be better as a whole if more people had Mr. Wheaton's wide ranging curiosity.

3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
Standout in an Extraordinary Series
By Z. Stiegler
I'm a huge fan of the 33 1/3 series. True, some are hits, some are misses. RJ Wheaton's exegesis on Portishead's Dummy is absolutely in the former camp.

Wheaton artfully weaves background on the album's composition and production with biographical information, all the while making a point to put the album into context - of the times, of its peers, of its genre, of its influences and impact.

The best entries in the 33 1/3 series do two things. First, they make you want to listen to nothing but the album under review for at least a week. Second, they elicit a new appreciation for the album, regardless of how well you know it, or how long you've been a fan. Wheaton's take on Dummy accomplishes both.

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
A very good entry in the 33-1/3 series
By too_old_to_be_so_indie
I've read quite a few of the 33-1/3 series, and I think this is one of the best entries. It gives a great insight into the making of the album and also positions its creation within the greater musical trends of the time. My one disappointment is that the book presupposes the instance of a single "Bristol Scene" that existed around the time of this album; but the city is also important as home of two other scenes -- that of iconic indie label Sarah Records, and the more experimental sounds of the loose collective of musicians that included Flying Saucer Attack, The Third Eye Foundation, Crescent, Amp, Movietone, and others.

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Sabtu, 25 Januari 2014

[M247.Ebook] Ebook Free Diagnosis and Management of Lameness in the Horse, 2e, by Michael W. Ross DVM DACVS, Sue J. Dyson MA VetMB PhD DEO FRCVS

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Helping you to apply many different diagnostic tools, Diagnosis and Management of Lameness in the Horse, 2nd Edition explores both traditional treatments and alternative therapies for conditions that can cause gait abnormalities in horses. Written by an international team of authors led by Mike Ross and Sue Dyson, this resource describes equine sporting activities and specific lameness conditions in major sport horse types. It emphasizes accurate and systematic observation and clinical examination, with in-depth descriptions of diagnostic analgesia, radiography, ultrasonography, nuclear scintigraphy, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, thermography, and surgical endoscopy. Broader in scope than any other book of its kind, this edition includes a companion website with 47 narrated video clips demonstrating common forelimb and hindlimb lameness as well as gait abnormalities.

Cutting-edge information on diagnostic application for computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging includes the most comprehensive section available on MRI in the live horse.
Coverage of traditional treatment modalities also includes many aspects of alternative therapy, with a practical and realistic perspective on prognosis.
An examination of the various types of horses used in sports describes the lameness conditions to which each horse type is particularly prone, as well as differences in prognosis.
Guidelines on how to proceed when a diagnosis cannot easily be reached help you manage conditions when faced with the limitations of current diagnostic capabilities.
Clinical examination and diagnostic analgesia are given a special emphasis.
Practical, hands-on information covers a wide range of horse types from around the world.
A global perspective is provided by a team of international authors, editors, and contributors.
A full-color insert shows thermography images.

Updated chapters include the most current information on topics such as MRI, foot pain, stem cell therapy, and shock wave treatment.
Two new chapters include The Biomechanics of the Equine Limb and its Effect on Lameness and Clinical Use of Stem Cells, Marrow Components, and Other Growth Factors. The chapter on the hock has been expanded substantially, and the section on lameness associated with the foot has been completely rewritten to include state-of-the-art information based on what has been learned from MRI. Many new figures appear throughout the book.
A companion website includes 47 narrated video clips of gait abnormalities, including typical common syndromes as well as rarer and atypical manifestations of lameness and neurological dysfunction, with commentary by author/editors Mike Ross and Sue Dyson.
References on the companion website are linked to the original abstracts on PubMed.

Sales Rank: #1043479 in Books
Published on: 2010-11-25
Original language: English
Number of items: 1
Dimensions: 11.00" h x 2.00" w x 8.90" l, 7.60 pounds
Binding: Hardcover
1424 pages

Review
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About the Author
Michael W Ross, DVM, Diplomate, ACVS, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, PA

Most helpful customer reviews

15 of 15 people found the following review helpful.
One of the Best Equine Reference Texts in Print
By T. Bremner
Great text book for anyone wanting an indepth understanding of examinations for, anatomy/clinical signs of, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of lameness in the sport horse. Text is written at a graduate level and assumes readers are vets in their final years of study/graduates OR the reader has an indepth understanding of equine anatomy, locomotion, pathology and surgery. Book covers chapters with up to date info on alternative therapies including shockwave, laser, acupuncture, chiropractic, herbal and massage treatment as well as traditional medicine.

Indepth chapters are provided on diagnostic imaging (including ultrasound, xray, nuclear, CT, MRI) Gait analysis/software, arthroscopic surgery and thermography. Lameness examination is covered in detail including nerve block application, conformation, palpation, manipulation, neurological conditions, unexplained lameness, acute lameness and swollen limbs. Corrective shoeing is covered in some depth as well as various shoe types on the market, natural balance shoeing and barefoot trimming.

The lameness/conditions are split into easy to reference sections (Foot, hindlimb, forelimb, axial skeleton) and separate chapters are offered covering development of orthopedic lameness/disease, arthritis and soft tissue injury. The latest recommendations for surgery are also covered in each chapter. It also covers lameness/conditions most commonly treated/presented in the horse relating specifically to its sport. This section takes up approx one fifth of the entire book. Racing is covered in detail for both European and American thoroughbreds and European/American/Australasian Standardbreds including hunt, steeple, timber and point to point racing. There is also a section on cold blooded trotters, racing quarter horses and arabs. The western disciplines are all included in details for each specific event/sport. Gaited breeds are also covered as well as endurance, driving, specific show breeds, ponies, jumping, eventing, dressage, breeding horses, foals and even pleasure horses get a mention.

The CD ROM contains footage of lameness examinations under saddle and inhand both on circles and straight lines on both hard and soft surfaces. Horses used in this CD are mostly performance horses used for jumping and dressage exhibiting various degrees of lameness in the forelimbs, hind limbs, the axial skeleton or a combination of these. There is a commentary for each video including the patient's history, response to any analgesic blocks performed and a diagnosis is then given if known. There are CD icons throughout the book allowing you to easily cross reference to segments of the CD

20 of 22 people found the following review helpful.
Destined to be a Classic
By A Customer
This text is destined to replace "Adams Lameness in the Horse" as the classic text for musculoskeletal disease in the horse. It is well laid out with chapters on diseases of specific anatomical areas, chapters on traditional and non-traditional diagnostic modalities and therapies ,followed by chapters on lameness issues related to specific disciplines. The combination of academic scholars and experienced practioners as authors adds an extra dimension to this tome.

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
good book, companion web site???
By N. K. Diehl
I have the 2d ed. for Kindle. I would give the book a very high review for the content itself, having long used Adams Lameness. I had to jump through some hoops with Elsevier customer service trying to get a PIN to be able to access the companion web site for the associated videos. [ultimately tech support solved the problem - try to get to them] One reason I chose this book was for the value of the videos along with the text. The publisher apparently did not think this through before creating an ebook.

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Rabu, 22 Januari 2014

[U562.Ebook] Get Free Ebook Working Knowledge: How Organizations Manage What They Know, by Thomas H. Davenport, Laurence Prusak

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The definitive primer on knowledge management, this book will establish the enduring vocabulary and concepts and serve as the hands-on resource of choice for fast companies that recognize knowledge as the only sustainable source of competitive advantage. Drawing on their work with more than 30 knowledge-rich firms, the authors - experienced consultants with a track record of success-examine how all types of companies can effectively understand, analyze, measure, and manage their intellectual assets, turning corporate knowledge into market value. They consider such questions as: What key cultural and behavioral issues must managers address to use knowledge effectively? What are the best ways to incorporate technology into knowledge work? What does a successful knowledge project look like - and how do you know when it has succeeded? In the end, say the authors, the human qualities of knowledge - experience, intuition, and beliefs - are the most valuable and the most difficult to manage. Applying the insights of "Working Knowledge" is every manager's first step on that rewarding road to long-term success.

Sales Rank: #1227477 in Books
Published on: 1998-01-30
Original language: English
Number of items: 1
Dimensions: 9.50" h x 6.50" w x 1.00" l, 1.13 pounds
Binding: Hardcover
224 pages

Amazon.com Review
When new-car developers at Ford Motor Company wanted to learn why the original Taurus design team was so successful, no one could tell them. No one remembered or had recorded what made that effort so special; the knowledge gained in the Taurus project was lost forever. Indeed, the most valuable asset in any company is probably also its most elusive and difficult to manage: knowledge. Authors Thomas H. Davenport and Laurence Prusak assert that learning how to identify, manage, and foster knowledge is vital for companies who hope to compete in today's fast-moving global economy.

Working Knowledge examines how knowledge can be nurtured in organizations. Building trust throughout a company is the key to creating a knowledge-oriented corporate culture, a positive environment in which employees are encouraged to make decisions that are efficient, productive, and innovative. The book includes numerous examples of successful knowledge projects at companies such as British Petroleum, 3M, Mobil Oil, and Hewlett-Packard. Concise and clearly written, Working Knowledge is an excellent resource for managers who want to better harness the experience and wisdom within their organizations.

From Library Journal
Having consulted more than 30 companies involved in KM initiatives, the authors pack their book with information on successful projects and cover issues ranging from corporate culture and employee behavior, to the role of information technology in KM and how to measure a project's success. A practical and thorough approach makes this one of the best books for readers new to the topic.
Copyright 1999 Reed Business Information, Inc.

Review
"Davenport and Prusak provide much more than another treasure map to the knowledge-management fields...[they] offer impressive lodes of actions you can actually start on Monday morning." -- American Way, June 15, 1998

At the corporate level, knowledge is a key component of what has become known as intellectual capital, the intangible assets that give a company a sustainable advantage over less-savvy competitors. For an entire company--rather than just a handful of employees--to have knowledge, that information must be coordinated and made accessible. Thomas H. Davenport, a professor of information management at the University of Texas, Austin, and Laurence Prusak, IBM's competency leader in knowledge management, offer an elegantly simple overview of the "knowledge market" aimed at fulfilling that goal. Davenport and Prusak are also refreshingly candid about potential obstacles to effective knowledge management. -- Upside, Ron Hogan

Most helpful customer reviews

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
The companion to Thinking for a Living by Davenport
By JayBe
Excellent book by a known author on knowledge management in organizations. Details how organizations rely on, utilize, nurture, or destroy and lose knowledge and knowhow. Thinking for a Living talks about managing knowledge workers, this book helps you to understand what 'knowhow' is. It is not simple, and often very un-obvious where and with whom it resides in an organization.

7 of 9 people found the following review helpful.
Great KM Systems Template
By Dr. Dan
The authors wrote this book 178 page book in 2000--it is still very relevant in 2004. Not only is this book clearly written providing a wealth of content on KM systems, it is also provides a very practical and realistic template for initiating a KM system.
The final chapter was a wonderful summary of the practicals to implementation:
-start small
-business problems relates to knowledge (loss of customers and key personnel, low win rates on service engagements, poorly designed products, etc.).
-a knowledge system is more than technology. You may start with an intranet and Lotus notes. More than a third in $, time and effort on the tech part, you're neglecting the other key factors.
-Getting content will take a while. It's easy enough to put the technology in place but getting the organization contribute and use content is a behavioral challenge. So, assess the culture of your organization before launching a knowledge initiative.
"What makes knowledge valuable to organizations is ultimately the ability to make better the decisions and actions on the basis of the knowledge".
Thanks Tom and Laurence for a great book.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Five Stars
By khalil elinaty
Everything

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A comprehensive history of the office that references all popular culture, this book traces its origins from merchants and monks to the gleaming glass towers of New York and the space-age sweatshops of Silicon Valley. Finding an extraordinary legacy of invention and ingenuity—shaped by the telephone, the typewriter, the elevator, and e-mail among others—this account discovers a world teeming with dramas great and small. It also explores the array of archetypes, including the Whitehall mandarin, the Wall Street banker, the Dickensian clerk, the Japanese salaryman, the French bureaucrat, and the Soviet official. Far from simply being a place where people earn a living, the office emerges as a way of seeing the entire world.

Sales Rank: #5788531 in Books
Published on: 2012-10-01
Original language: English
Number of items: 1
Dimensions: 1.80" h x 7.00" w x 9.20" l, 3.00 pounds
Binding: Paperback
656 pages

About the Author

Gideon Haigh is a journalist with 30 years of experience and the author of numerous books, including Asbestos House, The Cricket War, Inside Out, The Racket, Sphere of Influence, and The Vincibles.

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Refactoring has proven its value in a wide range of development projects–helping software professionals improve system designs, maintainability, extensibility, and performance. Now, for the first time, leading agile methodologist Scott Ambler and renowned consultant Pramodkumar Sadalage introduce powerful refactoring techniques specifically designed for database systems.

Ambler and Sadalage demonstrate how small changes to table structures, data, stored procedures, and triggers can significantly enhance virtually any database design–without changing semantics. You’ll learn how to evolve database schemas in step with source code–and become far more effective in projects relying on iterative, agile methodologies.

This comprehensive guide and reference helps you overcome the practical obstacles to refactoring real-world databases by covering every fundamental concept underlying database refactoring. Using start-to-finish examples, the authors walk you through refactoring simple standalone database applications as well as sophisticated multi-application scenarios. You’ll master every task involved in refactoring database schemas, and discover best practices for deploying refactorings in even the most complex production environments.

The second half of this book systematically covers five major categories of database refactorings. You’ll learn how to use refactoring to enhance database structure, data quality, and referential integrity; and how to refactor both architectures and methods. This book provides an extensive set of examples built with Oracle and Java and easily adaptable for other languages, such as C#, C++, or VB.NET, and other databases, such as DB2, SQL Server, MySQL, and Sybase.

Using this book’s techniques and examples, you can reduce waste, rework, risk, and cost–and build database systems capable of evolving smoothly, far into the future.

Sales Rank: #310016 in eBooks
Published on: 2006-03-03
Released on: 2006-03-03
Format: Kindle eBook

From the Back Cover

Using this book’s techniques and examples, you can reduce waste, rework, risk, and cost–and build database systems capable of evolving smoothly, far into the future.

About the Author

Scott W. Ambler is a software process improvement (SPI) consultant living just north of Toronto. He is founder and practice leader of the Agile Modeling (AM) (www.agilemodeling.com), Agile Data (AD) (www.agiledata.org), Enterprise Unified Process (EUP) (www.enterpriseunifiedprocess.com), and Agile Unified Process (AUP) (www.ambysoft.com/unifiedprocess) methodologies. Scott is the (co-)author of several books, including Agile Modeling (John Wiley & Sons, 2002), Agile Database Techniques (John Wiley & Sons, 2003), The Object Primer, Third Edition (Cambridge University Press, 2004), The Enterprise Unified Process (Prentice Hall, 2005), and The Elements of UML 2.0 Style (Cambridge University Press, 2005). Scott is a contributing editor with Software Development magazine (www.sdmagazine.com) and has spoken and keynoted at a wide variety of international conferences, including Software Development, UML World, Object Expo, Java Expo, and Application Development. Scott graduated from the University of Toronto with a Master of Information Science. In his spare time Scott studies the Goju Ryu and Kobudo styles of karate.

Pramod J. Sadalage is a consultant for ThoughtWorks, an enterprise application development and integration company. He first pioneered the practices and processes of evolutionary database design and database refactoring in 1999 while working on a large J2EE application using the Extreme Programming (XP) methodology. Since then, Pramod has applied the practices and processes to many projects. Pramod writes and speaks about database administration on evolutionary projects, the adoption of evolutionary processes with regard to databases, and evolutionary practices’ impact upon database administration, in order to make it easy for everyone to use evolutionary design in regards to databases. When he is not working, you can find him spending time with his wife and daughter and trying to improve his running.

Evolutionary, and often agile, software development methodologies, such as Extreme Programming (XP), Scrum, the Rational Unified Process (RUP), the Agile Unified Process (AUP), and Feature-Driven Development (FDD), have taken the information technology (IT) industry by storm over the past few years. For the sake of definition, an evolutionary method is one that is both iterative and incremental in nature, and an agile method is evolutionary and highly collaborative in nature. Furthermore, agile techniques such as refactoring, pair programming, Test-Driven Development (TDD), and Agile Model-Driven Development (AMDD) are also making headway into IT organizations. These methods and techniques have been developed and have evolved in a grassroots manner over the years, being honed in the software trenches, as it were, instead of formulated in ivory towers. In short, this evolutionary and agile stuff seems to work incredibly well in practice.

In the seminal book Refactoring, Martin Fowler describes a refactoring as a small change to your source code that improves its design without changing its semantics. In other words, you improve the quality of your work without breaking or adding anything. In the book, Martin discusses the idea that just as it is possible to refactor your application source code, it is also possible to refactor your database schema. However, he states that database refactoring is quite hard because of the significant levels of coupling associated with databases, and therefore he chose to leave it out of his book.

Since 1999 when Refactoring was published, the two of us have found ways to refactor database schemas. Initially, we worked separately, running into each other at conferences such as Software Development (http://www.sdexpo.com) and on mailing lists (http://www.agiledata.org/feedback.html). We discussed ideas, attended each other's conference tutorials and presentations, and quickly discovered that our ideas and techniques overlapped and were highly compatible with one another. So we joined forces to write this book, to share our experiences and techniques at evolving database schemas via refactoring.

The examples throughout the book are written in Java, Hibernate, and Oracle code. Virtually every database refactoring description includes code to modify the database schema itself, and for some of the more interesting refactorings, we show the effects they would have on Java application code. Because all databases are not created alike, we include discussions of alternative implementation strategies when important nuances exist between database products. In some instances we discuss alternative implementations of an aspect of a refactoring using Oracle-specific features such as the SE,T UNUSED or RENAME TO commands, and many of our code examples take advantage of Oracle's COMMENT ON feature. Other database products include other features that make database refactoring easier, and a good DBA will know how to take advantage of these things. Better yet, in the future database refactoring tools will do this for us. Furthermore, we have kept the Java code simple enough so that you should be able to convert it to C#, C++, or even Visual Basic with little problem at all.

Why Evolutionary Database Development?

Evolutionary database development is a concept whose time has come. Instead of trying to design your database schema up front early in the project, you instead build it up throughout the life of a project to reflect the changing requirements defined by your stakeholders. Like it or not, requirements change as your project progresses. Traditional approaches have denied this fundamental reality and have tried to "manage change," a euphemism for preventing change, through various means. Practitioners of modern development techniques instead choose to embrace change and follow techniques that enable them to evolve their work in step with evolving requirements. Programmers have adopted techniques such as TDD, refactoring, and AMDD and have built new development tools to make this easy. As we have done this, we have realized that we also need techniques and tools to support evolutionary database development.

Advantages to an evolutionary approach to database development include the following:

You minimize waste. An evolutionary, just-in-time (JIT) approach enables you to avoid the inevitable wastage inherent in serial techniques when requirements change. Any early investment in detailed requirements, architecture, and design artifacts is lost when a requirement is later found to be no longer needed. If you have the skills to do the work up front, clearly you must have the skills to do the same work JIT.

You avoid significant rework. As you will see in Chapter 1, "Evolutionary Database Development," you should still do some initial modeling up front to think major issues through, issues that could potentially lead to significant rework if identified late in the project; you just do not need to investigate the details early.

You always know that your system works. With an evolutionary approach, you regularly produce working software, even if it is just deployed into a demo environment, which works. When you have a new, working version of the system every week or two, you dramatically reduce your project's risk.

You always know that your database design is the highest quality possible. This is exactly what database refactoring is all about: improving your schema design a little bit at a time.

You work in a compatible manner with developers. Developers work in an evolutionary manner, and if data professionals want to be effective members of modern development teams, they also need to choose to work in an evolutionary manner.

You reduce the overall effort. By working in an evolutionary manner, you only do the work that you actually need today and no more.

There are also several disadvantages to evolutionary database development:

Cultural impediments exist. Many data professionals prefer to follow a serial approach to software development, often insisting that some form of detailed logical and physical data models be created and baselined before programming begins. Modern methodologies have abandoned this approach as being too inefficient and risky, thereby leaving many data professionals in the cold. Worse yet, many of the "thought leaders" in the data community are people who cut their teeth in the 1970s and 1980s but who missed the object revolution of the 1990s, and thereby missed gaining experience in evolutionary development. The world changed, but they did not seem to change with it. As you will learn in this book, it is not only possible for data professionals to work in an evolutionary, if not agile, manner, it is in fact a preferable way to work.

Learning curve. It takes time to learn these new techniques, and even longer if you also need to change a serial mindset into an evolutionary one.

Tool support is still evolving. When Refactoring was published in 1999, no tools supported the technique. Just a few years later, every single integrated development environment (IDE) has code-refactoring features built right in to it. At the time of this writing, there are no database refactoring tools in existence, although we do include all the code that you need to implement the refactorings by hand. Luckily, the Eclipse Data Tools Project (DTP) has indicated in their project prospectus the need to develop database-refactoring functionality in Eclipse, so it is only a matter of time before the tool vendors catch up.

Agility in a Nutshell

Although this is not specifically a book about agile software development, the fact is that database refactoring is a primary technique for agile developers. A pro...

Most helpful customer reviews

42 of 47 people found the following review helpful.
Excellent refactoring reference and eye-opening book
By Michael Cohn
This is an excellent book that, in my opinion, serves two purposes. First, it is a compendium of well thought-out ways to evolve a database design. Each refactoring includes descriptions of why you might make this change, tradeoffs to consider before making it, how to update the schema, how to migrate the data, and how applications that access the data will need to change. Some of the refactorings are simple ones that even the most change-resistant DBAs will have used in the past ("Add index"). Most others (such as "Merge tables" or "Replace LOB with Table") are ones many conventional thinking DBAs avoid, even to the detriment of the applications their databases support.

This brings me to the second purpose of this book. Many DBAs view their jobs as protectors of the data. While that is admirable, they sometimes forget that they are part of a software development team whose job is to provide value to the organization through the development of new (and enhancement of existing) applications. One of the best DBAs I ever worked with viewed himself as a "Data Valet." He said his job was to make sure the data was presented to applications when and where they wanted and to protect the doors from getting dinged while under his care. Through its first five chapters and then the refactorings that follow, this book will help DBAs expand their view of their role in the organization from one of simply protecting data to one of enhancing the value of data to the organization.

This book is one that you'll keep on your reference shelf for many years to come. Highly recommended.

16 of 17 people found the following review helpful.
Some important ideas but much work remains to be done
By Piers C.
In software development a 'refactoring' is a change that improves code quality without changing functionality. Refactoring helps keep an application maintainable over its life-cycle as requirements evolve, and is particularly of interest to those adopting modern 'agile' methodologies. This book comprises five general chapters on database refactoring - about 70 pages - followed by a 200 page catalog of various refactorings. The refactorings are classified as 'structural', 'data quality', 'referential integrity', 'architectural' and 'methods'. An additional chapter catalogs 'transformations', more on which in a moment. Each catalog entry uses a template including 'Motivation', 'Tradeoffs', 'Schema Update Mechanics', 'Data-Migration Mechanics' and 'Access Program Update Mechanics'. The 'Mechanics' sections include example code fragments for Oracle, JDBC and Hibernate.

Several of the structural refactorings are just simple database schema changes: rename/drop column/table/view. Adding is not really a refactoring so add column/table/view were cataloged as 'transformations' - changes that do affect the application, a distinction that appears to me a little clumsy. Some structural refactorings are more interesting: merge/split columns/tables, move column, introduce/remove surrogate key, introduce calculated column, introduce associative table.

The data quality refactorings include introduce/drop default values, null or check constraints, standardize codes, formats and data types, use consistent keys and lookup tables. Most of these are common best practices, seeing them cataloged as refactorings didn't yield me any new insights. Only replacing type codes with flags was of special interest.

Referential integrity refactorings include the obvious add/drop foreign keys with optional cascading delete, but also using triggers to create a change history and hard vs. soft deletes. Using before and after delete triggers to implement soft deletes is probably the best example in the book.

Architectural refactorings include using CRUD methods (ie. stored procedures or functions to select/insert/update/delete records), query functions that return cursor refs, interchanging methods and views, implementing methods in stored procedures, using materialized views and using local mirror tables vs. remote 'official' data sources. All these are common design techniques and the discussion of motivation and tradeoffs is particularly relevant.

The final section on method refactorings is more abbreviated and covers typical code refactorings. These qualify for inclusion only because databases include stored procedures, but they have nothing to do with schema evolution.

An important aspect of this book is that the catalog of refactorings is presented in the context of evolutionary database development described in the first five chapters: this approach emphasises an iterative approach, automated regression testing, configuration control of schema objects and easy availability of personalized application database environments for developers. Refactorings and transformations are intended to be applied one by one, and an automated regression test suite used to maintain confidence that a change does not introduce an application defect. Change control and a change tracking mechanism are essential to manage the application of schema changes to integration, QA and production environments.

What do I like about this book? The catalog of refactorings is thorough (some might say pedantic) which makes it a good learning tool for new database developers and DBAs, and as a shared reference for communicating on larger projects and in larger organizations. Experienced DBAs working on smaller projects are less likely to find it useful.

What don't I like? Relatively little is provided about the tools required to make regular refactoring practical, the authors simply state that these are being worked on. utPLSQL is not mentioned at all. The discussion on tracking changes is thin (but check out the LiquiBase project on Sourceforge). No guidance is provided on how you might use Ant to build and maintain developer database environments. Little is covered on the tough topic of building and maintaining test data sets. A final pet peeve: no discussion of refactoring across multiple schemas shared by an application suite.

In summary this book sketches out some important ideas but much work remains to be done. The catalog takes a number of established techniques and best practices and places them in a new framework which at least provides value to some for now.

18 of 21 people found the following review helpful.
on the right path
By arzewski
This book is a much needed exploration on the subject. It tries to categorize those operations that developers and DBAs do on a database, who, for various reasons, must address a specific problem, need. I only gave it three stars because it is somewhat insufficient. It also doesn't make much of a distinction between a database in development and one in production. In the latter case, it is really difficult to make changes when there is already a data structure in place with data, being updated constantly by users, and plans to migrate to a different data model while a system is in production is really not for the faint of heart. What I am really loooking for is a thick book of bad designs that, for various reasons (unclear or evolving requirements, political), a database model presents itself with a bunch of problems, real problems and not just theoretical, and the ways a DBA and developers came about after a big pow-wow on how to solve it.

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